THE CAPITAL CITY

 A capital city is typically the seat of government for a country or region. It is often the political, cultural, and historical center of a nation. In this lesson, you’ll learn how to talk about a capital city, its landmarks, characteristics, and importance. You’ll practice using descriptive language, present simple tense, and vocabulary related to cities.

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Grammar:

1. Present Simple Tense:

   • Used to talk about facts, general truths, and routines.
     • Example: "The capital city of France is Paris."
     • Example: "Many tourists visit the capital city every year."

2. Articles:

   • The: Used with unique or specific nouns, like "the capital city."
     • Example: "The capital city is very large."
   • A/An: Used when referring to a non-specific noun.
     • Example: "There is a museum in the city."

3. Adjectives to Describe Places:

   • Use adjectives before nouns to describe the characteristics of the city.
     • Example: "It is a beautiful and historic city."
     • Example: "The capital city is crowded and lively."

4. Prepositions of Location:

   • In: Used to specify the city or country.
     • Example: "The government buildings are in the capital city."
   • Near: Used to describe locations that are close by.
     • Example: "The park is near the river."

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Vocabulary:

1. Capital City – The city where the government of a country is located.
2. Government – The group of people who control and make decisions for a country or region.
3. Landmark – An important or famous building, statue, or place that is easily recognized.
4. Monument – A structure built to commemorate a famous person or event.
5. Population – The number of people who live in a city or country.
6. Tourism – The activity of traveling to a place for pleasure.
7. Embassy – The official residence or offices of an ambassador in the capital city.
8. Historic – Having great importance in history.
9. Parliament – The highest law-making body in the country.
10. Skyscraper – A tall modern building in a city.

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Useful Expressions:

1. "The capital city of my country is..."
2. "Many tourists visit the capital city every year."
3. "The parliament building is located in the center of the city."
4. "The city is famous for its landmarks and historical monuments."
5. "It is the most populated city in the country."
6. "There are many embassies and government offices in the capital."
7. "The capital city has a lot of cultural events and activities."
8. "It’s a busy city with a lot of traffic."
9. "The skyline is filled with modern skyscrapers."
10. "The capital city is a great place to visit for its museums and art galleries."

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Sentences:

1. "The capital city of Japan is Tokyo."
2. "Many people work in the government buildings in the capital."
3. "Tourists love visiting the historic landmarks of the city."
4. "The capital city has a large population and is always busy."
5. "The main square is in the center of the city."
6. "The museum is near the government offices."
7. "There are many embassies located in the capital."
8. "The monument is dedicated to the country’s independence."
9. "The parliament meets in the capital city."
10. "The skyline of the capital is full of tall buildings."

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Questions and Answers:

1. Q: What is the capital city of your country?
   A: The capital city of my country is Lima.

2. Q: How many people live in the capital city?
   A: The population of the capital city is around 10 million people.

3. Q: What famous landmarks are in the capital city?
   A: There is a famous monument and the national museum.

4. Q: Is the capital city the largest city in your country?
   A: Yes, the capital city is the largest in terms of population.

5. Q: Are there a lot of tourists in the capital city?
   A: Yes, many tourists visit the capital city every year.

6. Q: Where is the parliament located?
   A: The parliament building is located in the center of the capital city.

7. Q: What makes the capital city special?
   A: It’s the political and cultural heart of the country.

8. Q: What is the most popular attraction in the capital city?
   A: The most popular attraction is the historic cathedral.

9. Q: Are there any parks in the capital city?
   A: Yes, there are several parks where people can relax.

10. Q: Do you live in the capital city?
    A: No, I live in a smaller city, but I visit the capital often.

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Conversation:

Person 1: "Have you ever visited the capital city?"
Person 2: "Yes, I went last year. It’s a very busy place!"
Person 1: "What did you see there?"
Person 2: "I visited the national museum and the famous landmark in the main square."
Person 1: "That sounds amazing. Is the capital city large?"
Person 2: "Yes, it’s huge! The population is over 10 million, and there are tall buildings everywhere."
Person 1: "I’ve heard the traffic can be terrible."
Person 2: "It can be, but public transport is really good, so it’s easy to get around."
Person 1: "I hope to visit the capital someday."
Person 2: "You should! There’s a lot to see and do."

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Reading:

"Exploring the Capital City"

The capital city is usually the most important city in a country. It is often the home of the government, including the president or prime minister, and the parliament. Many countries have famous capital cities, like Washington D.C., Paris, and London.

In addition to being the political center, the capital city is often a cultural hub. It may have important museums, historical landmarks, and theaters. For example, in Paris, you can visit the Eiffel Tower, and in Washington D.C., you can see the White House. These cities are full of history, and tourists love to visit them.

Capital cities are also known for their large populations. People from all over the country, and often from around the world, live and work in the capital. This creates a multicultural environment with a lot of diversity. In the capital, you can find people speaking different languages, enjoying various types of food, and attending cultural festivals.

Although capital cities can be busy and crowded, they are an important part of a nation’s identity. They represent the country’s history, culture, and government. For these reasons, many people dream of visiting or even living in the capital city.